Die for forming bolt blanks



J. H. FRIEDMAN DIE FOR FORMING BOLT BLANKS March 15, 938.

Filed Jan. 2, 1936 2 SheecsSl-1eec 1 NA X. BIA/VA SIZE 3nventor M M m m H W J BLANK S/ZE j M/IV- BlAA/A SIZE Gttornegs Mart}! 1933- J. H. FRIEDMAN 2,111,046

DIE FOR FORMING BOLT BLANKS Filed Jan. 2, 1956 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 3nventor JOHN M FE/EDNA/V Gttornegs 25 bolt blank diameters.

Patented 15,- 1938 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE 2,111,046 e ma non FORMING sour BLANKS John Friedman, Tiifin, Ohio, assignor to National Machinery Company,

corporation of Ohio The Ohio, a

Application January 2,1936; Serial No. 57,213 15 Claims. (01. -24) to my copending applica- While the superiority of the product resulting from the extrusion method of making bolts and the like is generally recognized by the trade, the

' cost of the dies employed to carry out this process and the number of imperfect blanks produced in the dies' heretofore employed has considerably afiected the cost and thus prevented? wideruse I the extrusion metho least diameter of the die throat which produces the extruded or reduced portion of the bolt blank should ndt engage the bolt blank along its length for. a distance greater than one and one-half y In the .event that the least diameter ofthe die be shaped where it engages the extruded portion of the shank for more than one and one-half diameters the binding or frictional fit set up in this engaging area will jam theblank in the die andprevent its successful extrusion or results in damage to the bolt making machine.

' Recognizing the fact that bolt blanks could not be successfully extruded when the axial engaging a5 area-is greater than one and one-half diameters numerous eflorts have been made to shape the extrusion throat the bolt blank might bind or dies resulting from said efforts is a die wherein 40 a relatively short extrusion land;-t hat is, a land diameteris provided considerably less than one with a bevelled face extrusion throat on each side thereof In this type of die the axial bore back of'the extrusion land is considerably greater than the diameter at the land. The iii-stroke or extruding action in saidtype of-die is operatively successful, but/on the ejecting stroke the pressure of the ejector rod tends to 'swell the extruded portion of the an extruding action is set up on the inner' side result that a small ring at the tip of the blank and is sheared of! within the die by the passage of the 55 extrusion land. The extruded andsheared ring to dies for forming bolts 1933, Patent or worn to a point ejection and often a to provide a lesser area in which .stick. Among the.

shank somewhat and as the blank 0 i being ejected ejector pin into the I or annulus is trapped within the land and thus a bl tion the cost of inspecting percentage of curved or deformed the diameter of imum tolerance.

of the extrusion land with the or annulus is extruded this long taper type of die by the land and a series of said rings soon effectively prevents continuedoperation of the die.

Another type of extrusion die heretofore used is provided with such as will not die is new and a to the end of the truding on the above paragraph may ing action of the ejected. When a long bind the taper as blank is extrusion die 'it will be a relatively short extrusion land bolt blank when the taper extending from the land die. The disadvantage of exejecting strokepointed out in the be overcome by the reducthe blank is being being extruded in observed that the diameter at the ejector end of the die will minimum diameter of the "trusion land as a fulcrum.

be considerably greater than the die at the extrusion nk may tilt about the ex- This tilting takes place dining the ejecting stroke and upon ejectilted blank will be a curved deformedand acquire a blank with the slightest curvature or deformatlon in the shank must be discarded and that the considerable;

and handling blanks with a bla'nks will be Another of the disadvantages growfing out of the use of dies having a taper from the extrusion land to the rear short die llie. shaped when new endof the The die is initially iormed or to have an extrusion land diamdie is the relatively eter which is equal to the minimum tolerance acceptable on the progressively worn on the extrusion land portion,

on the forward side of the tapered face an axial ex the blank.

about one and jam in the die blanks being by each successive extrusion formed. The die is the bevelled face' land this extent up to as -heretofore pointed out. The

diameter of the worn land, however, is less than mlssible tolerance carded before the In other die is limited by the land rather "It is amon provide an extrusion productive life and out the range of tolerance the. binding than by normal a blank having 'maximum perand thus the die must be disblanks have reached the maxwords, the life of the or jamming effect at wear in the die ble tolerance.

invention to permissible upon the and on the lon at the rear side of'the land, and this wear may continue until the land is worn to at equal to about onediameter of If worn beyond one-half diameters the blank will blanks being produced. Another object of my invention is to provide an extrusion die which will maintain theblanks in axial alignment with the bore of the die during the ejecting stroke and which will permit the ejection without any re-extrusion or ring cutting taking place upon the ejecting stroke. A further object of the invention is to provide a die having an extrusion throat which presents a larger volume of wearing material and hence a longer successfully productive life than in the dies heretofore provided. A further object of the invention'is to provide an extrusion die which will wear and be successfully operative throughout the range of permissible bolt blank tolerances. A further object of the invention is to provide an improved die assembly according to my said patent and according to the preceding objects in which as disclosed in said patent a single die station is provided with extrusion means adapted to reduce a portion of the 4 length of a blank to the pitch diameter ofthe adapted to be received by a die holder arranged rolled threads and effect a lesser reduction throughout another portion of the blank. A further object of the invention is to provide a composite two-part die insert according to the preceding object. Further objects and advantages relating to economies and simplicity of manufacture will appear from the following description and the attached drawings wherein:

Figure 1 is a transverse sectional view of a die constructed according to my invention with certain proportions exaggerated in order to more graphically illustrate relationships of die parts; Figure 2 is an elevation in section of a die station having two extrusion throats spaced axially with respect to each other;

Figure 3 is, a sectional view similar to Figure 2 of a composite or two-part die insert constructed according to my invention.

In the drawings the die generally indicated at I is preferably circular in outercontour and is in the bed frame of a machine (not shown). The guiding bore of the die immediately adjacent the end face thereof as at 2 is providedwith a diameter corresponding to thediameter of the rod or wire stock first entering the .die. Theportion 2 which is cylindrical terminates in a bevelled extrusion face 3 extending inwardly and terminating in a cylindrical extrusion land which constitutes the least'diameter of the extrusion throat, that is, it corresponds to the diameter of a bolt blank having the minimum permissible tolerance. A tapered reducing face 5 extends from the rear side of the land and joins an axial bore 6 which is provided with a diameter which is a little greater than the diameter of a bolt blank having the maximum permissible tolerance.

As illustrated the slope of 5 and'the distance between lines 0-D and AB is somewhat exaggerated. The portion of the die at 6 is cylindrical and extends rearwardly to the end of the shank forming portion of-the die which is closed by an ejector rod 1. The diameter of the ejector rod 1 corresponds to the diameter of the extrusion land 4 and passes therethrough during the ejecting stroke'in the die. During the extrusion process the land Land its adjoiningfaces 3- and 5 are gradually worn down and the effective length of land is increased until the tapered bore 5 substantially disappears. At this point in the wear of the die the land is preferably equal to about one diameter in axialextent as indicated by the dotted line C-D. Wear beyond this point is prohibited by the fact hat a blank would bind hard wear resisting die material. a unit is inserted within a die station formed in the die holder l2 and an axial bore in the die 1 and jam in the die as heretofore pointed out. Furthermore when the die is worn to this point the land diameter corresponds to the maximum permissible tolerance and the die should be discarded for this reason.

The cross section of the annulus worn away at the extrusion throat as the die wears from the minimum to maximum tolerance is indicated by the trapezoid A-B-DC. During the wearing away of this annulus the greatest wearing surface is presented as the wear approaches the line 0-D and thus a large number of bolt blanks may be successfully extruded as the blanks approach the maximum permissible tolerance, an advantage peculiar to my improved type of die over dies which are prevented by certain factors from wearing to the maximum permissible tolerance:

As disclosed in my patent above referred to,

the improved bolt making method contemplates vantages in combination with this double type of die which for the sake of convenience will be referred to as a double extrusion die inasmuch as a part of the stock which is extruded in the first throat is further extruded as it is forced into the second throat. Although the distance between the two extrusion throats may be varied within relatively Wide limits, it will be understood that when it is desired to form certain types of bolts, for instance a bolt having but a few threads adjacent the outer end of the shank and the major portion of the shank of over-all thread diameter, it is necessary to guide the blank from the first extrusion to the second. With a conventional relief or constant tapered. flare at the rear of the extrusion throat, it will be apparent that maximum diameter of the flare at the end of the relief would be greater than the diameter of the entrance portion in the second extrusion die and thus the axial bore between the two extrusion throats would not present a smooth cylindrical guiding portion. According to myinvention the axial bore at the rear of the extrusion throat functions to guide the blank from the first extrusion to the second.

A die II as shown in Figure 2 is preferably provided with an axial b'ore proportioned to receive a die insert l4 formed of carboloy or similar The die II as holder at the rear of the die permits the reciprocation of the ejector rod 23. The die insert entrance at l5 may be proportioned to receive a blank of stock diameter and this portion l5 which may be referred to'as the die entrance portion terminates in an extrusion throat IS. A taper or flare I1 is provided at the rear of the extrusion throat as 'more fully described above in connection with the description of the die of Figure 1 and said taper or flare merges into the cylindrical wall Hi. The wall [8 is proportioned axially,accor%ng to the unthreaded length desired in the nished article and near the end thereof as at I9 serves as an entrance die portion for the second extrusion'throat 2D. Rearwardly of the extrusion throat 20 a taper or flare 2| is provided and m'erges into a cylindrical portion 22 as in a manner heretofore described.

v exceed that on the cylindrical is thatvarious combinations between the insert parts Difficulties may be encountered in the making of a double extrusion die due to the fact thatthe diameter as at I8 is greater than the diameter at Hi and 20 and that the tapered or flared portions require very accurate machining. Since the blank portion being fed to the second. extrusion throat in this type of die is accurately Y shaped and is accurately guided into the extrusion throat 20 I appreciate that the rate of wear on the outer extrusion throat I6 willinner throat. To overcome the difliculties connected with the manufacture of a double extrusion die and to take advantage of the fact that one of the extrusion throats will. wear longer than the. other I have provided as shown in Figure 3' a two-part insert for the double extrusion die construction.

In this embodiment the die holder H receives with a tight pressed fit an insert comprising parts Ma and Nb, the part Mb being bored as at I51) to receive the blank stock. The extrusion throat {5b, flare Nb and cylindrical portion ltb correspond to the parts Hi to I801 the die of Figure 2. The portion Illa which serves as the second extrusion throat entrance is provided with a diameter corresponding to the diameterof the part I81) and the combined axial lengths of I81) and lta correspond to the unthreaded over-all shank diameter in the finished blank. The second extrusion throat 200., the flare Zia and cylindrical portion 22a are proportioned as described in connection with the dies of Figures 1 and 2. 1 By forming the die'insert in two parts as shown in Figure 3 it will be observed that all, of the die portions may be conveniently machined from one side or the other of the individual insert parts. Thus the flare at flb may be formed fromthe rear face of the insert part ,ltb and the forming of the cylindr cal-portions I81) and i9a' are merely straight ring operations. When the extrusion, throat;- ltb is worn out; that is, the blanks extruded thereby reach the maximum within the tolerance rangeand the throat has reached the limit of its axial extent as more fully described above, the die insert Mb may be replaced by a new insert part (similar to Nb) and the insert Ma may be reassembled with and used therewith untilthe throat 2lla reaches the limit of its wear. Thus a two-part insert for a double extrusion die according to my invention permits the extrusion throats to be worn'to their fullest extent. 'A further advantage of the two-part insertassembly may be worked out 14a and Nb with respect to the distance between the extrusion throats. For instance the insert Ma may .be replaced by. an insert wherein the extrusion throat 20a is more nearly adjacent the rear face of the insert and the insert Mb will co-operate in the new. assembly to form blanks having a longer unthreaded, portion with respect tothe-pitch diameter portion than could be formed in the dies .shown in Figure '3.

. Although the land 4 is illustrated as having some axial extent, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the surfaces 3 and 5 may come to used hereinafter identifies the die whatever its axial extent may cated that the tapered portion or merge with the axial bore 6 at a point where the worn engaging surface will be equal to one diameter. This proportion may. bevaried someof the second extrusion throat 2B be observed that the axial extent of the resultwhat depending upon the size and nature of the bolt blank forming materials and the tolerances within which the blanks maybe made. As referred to above a shearing of a ring upon ejection. I have found connection that the axial extent of the surface 5 may be as short as half a diameter with ordinary stock. In some instances or with wider tolerance ranges the line C-D may approach one and one-half diameters and the diameter of the portion 6 may vary somewhat from that shown.

Referring to that type of die illustrated in Figures 2 and 3 wherein a length of stock is acted on by two extrusion throats, I appreciate that in certain types of bolt blanks requiring but a limited axial extent drical portion intermediate the extrusion throats may be dispensed with. For instance, it is with-' in the teachings of my inventionto form a die wherein the. flared portion I! of Figure 2 or 17b of Figure 3 terminates at the bevelled entrance or 20a. It will ing blank will be limited to the axial extent of the flared portion '11 or Nb of the bevelled entrance portion of the second extrusion die 20 or 20a. With reference particularly to the two-part insert die of Figure 3 I also appreciate that the insert part Mb may be 'so proportioned or formed that the flare I11) terminates at the rear face 'of said insert part and free of any cylindrical guiding portion. With respect to-the above suggested variations I contemplate that the flare I! or I'll; should be proportioned substantially as heretofore described in connection with the .die of Figure. l and that the most forward extrusion throat IE or Nib of such assembly will possess the advantages regarding wear, economy and accuracy inherent in this construction.

Although Figures 2 and 3 illustrate a die having twoextrusion throats each proportioned to effect a substantial reduction of the blank it will be understood by those skilled in the pending upon thematerial being extruded and the diameter variations desired therein,

more extrusion throats may be arranged in the same die. For instance, in certain industries there'exists a demand for a type of bolt or screw which is provided with an unthreaded portion of greater diameter than the over-all diameter of the threads and with an unthreaded portion adjaceht thereto corresponding to the over-all di-' ameter of the threads.

adapted to be formed by a die insert having three axially spaced extrusion throats wherein the inner-most extrusion throat reduces a portion of the blank to the pitch diameter of the threads,

an intermediate extrusion throat reduces an inj termediate portion of the blank to the over-all diameter of the threads. and an'outer-most extrusion throat reduces the blank to a diameter exceed-ing that of theover-all thread diameter. An unthreaded portion of the length of stock may be upset in the usual manner to form a'head. Although I have described certain embodimerits of my invention in considerable detail, it will be appreciated that alterations and variations therein maybe made without departing from the spirit of the invention as indicated by the claims. I

I claim: l. irr-a die for forming bolt blanks or the like, an extrusion bore corresponding to the length of of large diameter, that the cylinplus the axial extent art that dethree or This type of bolt is should'be sufliciently in this the bolt blankprovided with an entrance portion of stock diameter, an extrusion throat having an extrusion face joining an extrusion land, a tapered bore extending-from said extrusion land to the main body of the extrusion-bore, said extrusion bore being cylindrical from the tapered portion to the rear rnd of the die and having a lesser diameter than the entrance portion of the die.'

2. In an extrusion die for forming bolt blanks or the like, a cylindrical guiding portion adjacent the forward face of the die proportioned to receive rod stock forced into the die, said guiding portion terminating in a bevelled extrusion face, a cylindrical extrusion land extending from said face inwardly and joining a tapered die portion having a gradually increasing diameter, a cylindrical portion arranged intermediate said tapered portion and the closed end of the die, said last named cylindrical portion having a diameter greater than said extrusion land and less than said cylindrical guiding portion at the face of the die.

3. An extrusion die for forming bolt blanks or the like having an extrusion throat with a bevelled extrusion faceand a cylindrical extrusion land; a tapered portion extending from said land having a gradually increasing diameter and merging inwardly of the die with a cylindrical blank guiding portion'which extends to the ejector end of the die, the diameter of said extrusion land'corresponding to the diameter of the extruded shank of a bolt blank having the least diameter within the tolerance range and the diameter of said last named'cylindrical portion approximately to the diameter of the extruded shank of a bolt blank having the greatest diameter within the tolerance range.

4,. An extrusion die having an axial bore closed at one end by an ejector rod, said bore being cylindrical intermediate the closed end thereof and an extrusion throat positioned adjacent the open end of the die, the diameter of said cylindrical portion approximately corresponding'to the diameter of the extruded shank of a bolt blank having the greatest diameter within the tolerance range whereby said extrusion throat may progressively wear and permit blank ejection until the throat diameter approaches a diameter equal to said cylindrical portion.

5. A die for forming bolt blanks or the like comprising an axial bore closed at one end by an ejector rod, a cylindrical blank guiding portion at the open end of said die terminating in an extrusion face having the least diameter equal to the diameter of a blank having the minimum acceptable shank diametenan extrusion land extending inwardly from said extrusion face, a cylindrical shank guiding portion extending forwardly from the closed end of the die towards said land and joined thereto by means of a tapered portion having its greatest diameter at said cylindrical end and its least diameter at said land, said greatest diameter corresponding to the diameter of a bolt blank having the greatest acceptable diameter within the tolerance range whereby the extrusion throat is worn to have its permissible maximum wear engaging surface at the time when its least diameter approaches the diameter of 'said cylindrical blank guiding portion. a

6. A die for forming bolt blanks and the like having an extrusion throat comprisingian extrusion land with an extrusion face on its for-- ward side and a tapered face on its rearward side, said tapered face and said extrusion land having an axial extent of substantially one diameter of a bolt blank whereby when said eX- trusion land and tapered face are worn away by successive extrusions the engaging area of the extrusion throat will be less than one and onehalf diameters.

'7. An extrusion die for forming bolt blanks or the like having a main axial bore corresponding to the diameter of the extruded shank having the maximum permissible tolerance, whereby a blank having the maximum tolerance diameter will slide freely in the bore and yet will have insuiii cient clearance to tiltin the bore, an extrusion throat arranged at the open end of said cylindrical bore having a least diameter corresponding to the diameter of the extruded shank of bolt blank having the minimum permissible tolerance diameter, a tapered portion extending from said least diameter to said cylindrical bore having an axial extent of about one blank diameter whereby when said extrusion throat is worn away to have a blank engaging axial extent equal to about one blank diameter, the least diameter of said throat will correspond substantially to said cylindrical bore.

8. An extrusion die for forming bolt blanks or the like having a main-axial bore proportioned to provide a sliding non-tilting clearance for the extruded shank of a blank having the maximum permissible tolerance, an extrusion throat arranged at the open end of said cylindrical bore having a least diameter corresponding to the diameter of the extruded shank of bolt blank having the minimum permissible diameter, a tapered portion extending from said least diameter to said cylindrical borehaving an axial extent insufficient to bind and grip a blank therein when said extrusion 'throat is worn away to substantially remove said tapered portion whereby the least diameter of said throat will correspond substantially to said cylindrical bore, a knockout pin arranged to move within said die and eject the blank therefrom, said pin having a diameter approximating the minimum diameter of the extrusion throat.

9. A bolt blank forming die having a bore of substantially stock diameter adjacent the-face of the die, said bore terminating in a bevelled face extrusion throat, a tapered portion extending rearwardly from said throat, a cylindrical portion joining said tapered portion and extending axially'rearwardly therefrom and terminat= ing in a second bevelled face extrusion throat of less diameter than said first extrusion throat,

a tapered face extending rearwardly from said last named extrusion throat, a cylindrical bore joining said last named tapered face and extending rearwardly therefrom to the rear face of the die.

10. An extrusion die for forming bolt blanks or the like comprising an insert, an entrance por tion leading from one face of said insert and terminating in an extrusion throat, a tapered portion extending rearwardly from said extrusion throat, a cylindrical portion of greater diameter than said extrusion throat extending axially from said tapered portion and terminating in an extrusion throat of lesser diameter than said first named extrusion throat whereby a relief is provided intermediate said extrusion throats and said cylindrical portion guides the blanks from said first extrusion throat into said second extrusion throat.

1-1. An. extrusion die for forming bolt blanks cylindrical portion joining said tapered portion and extending axially therefrom to the rear face of said one insert part, an extrusion throat formed in the other of said insert parts concentrically arranged with respect to said first named extrusion throat and having a diameter less than the diameter of said first named extrusion throat, said last named extrusion throat provided with a cylindrical entrance portion having a diameter corresponding to the diameter of the cylindrical portion in said one insert part.

l2. A bolt blank forming die having a bore of substantially stock diameter adjacent the face of the die, said bore terminating in a bevelled face extrusion throat, a tapered portion extending rearwardly from said throat, a second bevelled face extrusion throat of less diameter than said, first extrusion throat arranged adjacent the terminus of said tapered portion, a tapered face extending rearwardly from said last named extrusion throat, a cylindrical bore joining said last named tapered face and extending rearwardly therefrom to the rear face of the die.

13. A die for. forming bolt blanks and the like having an entrance bore corresponding to stock diameter, an extrusion throat comprising an extrusion land with an extrusion face on its forward side and a tapered face on its rearward side, said extrusion land having a diameter corresponding to the minimum blank size within the tolerance range of the resultant blanks, a

cylindrical bore adjacent said tapered portion having a diameter less than said entrance bore diameter and greater than said land diameter,

an ejector pin mounted to reciprocate in said cylindrical bore, said tapered face shaped and ,and with respect to said cylindrical bore to eifec portion of the extruded blank or shearing a ring .ing to the length of the blank, said bore closed proportioned with respect to said land diameter tively guide theextruded portion of a blank out of the die upon ejection without re-extruding a therefrom by action of the ejector rod during the ejecting movement.

14. An extrusion die for forming bolt blanks and the like comprising an axial bore correspondat one end by anejector rod, an extrusion throat adjacent the face of said die remote from said rod having a bevelled extrusion face and an adjoining cylindrical land, a tapered portion merging with and flaring away from said extrusion land provided with a lesser inclination than said extrusion face and a cylindrical shank guiding portion extending from said tapered portion to the end of the die, the diameter of said cylindrical shank guiding portion being less than the maximum diameter of said bevelled extrusion face.

15. A die for forming bolt blanks and the like having an extrusion throat comprising an extrusion land with an extrusion face on its forward side and a tapered face on its rearward side, said extrusion land having a diameter corresponding to the diameter of the minimum blan'k size within JOHN H. FRIEDMAN. 

